These are used to check the file types and compare strings. arg1 and num1 here refer to the shell variables of the same name. When creating a bash script, we might also be required to compare two or more strings & comparing strings can be a little tricky. ‘&=’ operator is used to perform bitwise AND operation with the value of a variable and store the result in the variable. The following script shows the use of this operator. ‘%=’ is a shorthand arithmetic operator that calculates the remainder after dividing the values of a variable by a number and store the remainder value into that variable. The following example shows the use of this operator that will subtract 15 from 35. Example: counter . The following script shows the use of this operator. The following commands show the division of two integer numbers by using `let` command. The remainder value of 89/5 will be printed after executing the following command. These are useful to evaluate a condition and take a single action. The following script shows the use of this operator. Comparison Operators in Bash. Bash Compare Strings. Each variable is interpreted as an arithmetic expansion and the result substituted. Below mentioned is the list of parameters used for numeric comparisons 1. num1 -eq num2check if 1st number is equal to 2nd number 2. num1 -ge num2checks if 1st number is greater than or equal to 2nd number 3. num1 -gt num2checks if 1st number is greater tha… Operator Syntax Description Example eq INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2 #!/bin/bash read -p "Please enter and confirm number 10 via keyboard : " n The following script shows the use of this operator. Now execute this script using bash shell $ chmod +x ./compare.sh $ ./compare.sh True Bash – Numeric Comparisons Operators. In bash specifically: ((arg1 >= num1)) (inherited from ksh) does arithmetic comparison. The following script shows the use of this operator. In this example, we shall check if two string are equal, using equal to == operator. The following script shows the use of this operator. There are three types of operators: file, numeric, and non-numeric operators. The following command shows the use of this operator. In or operator, if any of expression is true, then it return true value, in reveres and operator will return true only if all expressions are true. Each operator returns true (0) if the condition is met and false (1) if the condition is not met. Order of Precedence. The following example shows the use of this operator. The following script shows the use of this operator. Hence, it is of utmost importance to know about these operations. The following script shows the use of this operator. ‘-lt’ operator is used to compare two numbers and it returns true if any number is less than the other number. ‘>’ operator is used to compare two numbers and it returns true if any number is greater than the other number. The following script shows the use of this operator. I was able to find this after running bash -x ./script.sh, the -x flag allows you to see the value of each execution and helps in debuging. Two conditions are checked by using ‘&&’ operator in the following example. I have a YouTube channel where many types of tutorials based on Ubuntu, Windows, Word, Excel, WordPress, Magento, Laravel etc. Here, you have to provide space before and after the ‘+’ operator otherwise, it will combine the values in place of addition. We have a few operators that can be used to test various properties associated with a Unix file. The following command shows the use of this operator. Every time the calculator function is called, it will update a variable name by a given value or by default 1 with a given arithmetic operator. ‘||’ operator is used to create two or more conditions with OR logic which returns true when any one of the condition returns true. The following example will subtract 100 from the variable $n and store the result in $n. ‘<‘ operator is used to compare two numbers and it returns true if any number is less than the other number. When comparing strings in Bash you can use the following operators: string1 = string2 and string1 == string2 - The equality operator returns true if the operands are equal. The general form of a file comparison is "file1" -operator "file2". The most used 74 bash operators are explained in this article with examples. The following script shows the use of this operator. ‘-le’ operator is used to compare two numbers and it returns true if any number is less than or equal to the other number. ‘-ot’ operator is used to check any file is older than the other file or not. This cheat sheet is based on the Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide by Mendel Cooper. Examples/Variations column contains some of the variations of arithmetic expansion. ‘-c’ operator is used to check the file is a character special file or not. Run the following commands to show the use of this operator. The following commands show the use of this operator. Different types of operators exist in Bash to perform various operations using bash script. The following script shows the use of this operator. The value of $i will be decremented before adding with the number 15 in the following example. Compound Comparison Some common groups of bash operators are arithmetic operators, comparison operators, bit-wise operators, logical operators, string operators, and file operators. You can try with many more comparison operators in bash shell to compare two numeric values. You can have as many commands here as you like. When ‘++’ operator is used after the variable then it will act as post-increment operator and it increments the value of the variable by 1 after doing another task. When comparing operands of mixed types, numeric operands are converted to strings using the value of CONVFMT (see section Conversion of Strings and Numbers).. Strings are compared by comparing the first character of each, then the second character of each, and so on. In the second example, the alternate [ ] form compares two strings for inequality. # Bash permits integer operations and comparisons on variables #+ whose value consists of all-integer characters. Comparison operators for strings First let us understand the different comparison operator available for sting comparison in bash and shell script. 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